Clinical Reference Systems: Pediatric Advisor 10.0
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Vomiting
Description
Vomiting is the forceful emptying ("throwing up") of a large
portion of the stomach's contents through the mouth. Strong
stomach contractions against a closed stomach outlet result
in vomiting. In contrast, regurgitation is the effortless
spitting up of one or two mouthfuls of stomach contents
(which you may often see babies less than 1 year old do).
Cause
Most vomiting is caused by a viral infection of the lining
of the stomach or by eating something that disagrees with
your child. Often, a child whose vomiting is caused by a
virus also has diarrhea.
Expected Course
The vomiting usually stops in 6 to 24 hours. Changes in the
diet usually speed recovery. If your child has diarrhea, it
will usually continue for several days.
Home Care for Vomiting
- Offer small amounts of clear fluids for 8 hours (no
solid food)
Offer clear fluids (not milk) in small amounts until
8 hours have passed without vomiting. For infants,
you can also use an oral electrolyte solution (such as
Pedialyte or Kao Lectrolyte). For vomiting without any
diarrhea, the best clear fluid for a child over 1
year of age is water or ice chips because water can be
directly absorbed across the stomach wall. If your
child is 2 years old or older water is best, but half-
strength lemon-lime soda or Popsicles are also
acceptable. Stir the soda until no fizz remains (the
bubbles inflate the stomach and increase the chances of
continued vomiting).
Start with 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon of the clear
fluid, depending on your child's age, every 5 minutes.
After 4 hours without vomiting, double the amount each
hour. If your child vomits using this treatment, rest
the stomach completely for 1 hour and then start over
but with smaller amounts. This one-swallow-at-a-time
approach rarely fails.
- Offer bland foods after 8 hours without vomiting
After 8 hours without vomiting, your child can gradually
return to a normal diet.
Older children can start with such foods as saltine
crackers, white bread, bland soups like "chicken with
stars," rice, and mashed potatoes.
Infants can start with such foods as cereals and
strained bananas. If your baby only takes formula, give
1 or 2 ounces less per feeding than usual.
Usually your child can be back on a normal diet within
24 hours after recovery from vomiting.
- Diet for breast-fed babies
The key to treatment is providing breast milk in smaller
amounts than usual. If your baby vomits once, make no
changes. If your baby vomits twice, continue breast-
feeding but nurse on only one side for 10 minutes every
1 to 2 hours.
If your baby vomits three or more times, nurse for 4 to
5 minutes every 30 to 60 minutes. As soon as 8 hours
have passed without vomiting, return to normal nursing
on both sides. Pedialyte and Kao Lectrolyte are rarely
needed for breast-fed babies. If your baby is urinating
less frequently than normal, you can offer the baby an
electrolyte solution between breast-feedings for a short
time (6 to 24 hours).
- Medicines
Do not give your child any medicines by mouth for
8 hours. Oral medicines can irritate the stomach and
make vomiting worse. If your child has a fever over
102ƒF (39ƒC), use acetaminophen suppositories. Call
your physician if your child needs to continue taking a
prescription medicine.
- Common mistakes in the treatment of vomiting
A common error is to give as much clear fluid as your
child wants rather than gradually increasing the amount.
This almost always leads to continued vomiting.
There is no effective drug or suppository for vomiting.
Diet therapy is the answer. Vomiting alone rarely
causes dehydration unless you give drugs by mouth, milk,
or too much clear fluid.
Call Your Child's Physician Immediately If:
- Your child shows any signs of dehydration (such as no
urine in over 8 hours, very dry mouth, no tears when
crying).
- Your child vomits up blood.
- Your child starts acting very sick.
Call Your Child's Physician During Office Hours If:
- The vomiting continues for more than 24 hours if your
child is under age 2 years or 48 hours if over age 2.
- You have other concerns or questions.
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